by sailorgirl on Tue Sep 18, 2007 11:51 am
Hibou best I can do is a Wikipedia search to answer your question.
In modern use, the term yacht applies to two rather different classes of sea vessel, sailing yachts and power yachts.
Motor yachts, contains sufficient living space for at least several days at sea. Lengths generally start at 36–40 feet (11–12 m) and go up to well over a hundred feet (30 m). Mega yachts, luxury yachts such as the ones owned by Larry Ellison, Paul Allen and other billionaires, can reach over 525 feet (160 m) in length.
Sailing yachts can range in overall length (Length Over All—LOA, in yachting parlance) from about 20 feet (6 m) to well over 100 feet (30 m), where the distinction between a yacht and a ship becomes blurred. However, most privately owned yachts fall in the range of about 25–45 feet (7–14 m).
Classification of sailing yachts
Sailing yachts fall into four basic categories: day sailer, weekender, cruiser, and racer.
Day sailing yachts are usually small sub-20-foot (6 m) vessels. Sometimes called dinghies, they often have a retractable keel, centerboard, or daggerboard. Day sailing yachts do not have a cabin, as they are designed for hourly or daily use and not for overnight journeys.
Weekender yachts are small, sub-30-foot (9.5 m) vessels. They often have twin keels or lifting keels. This allows them to operate in shallow waters, and if needed "dry out"—become beached as the tide falls. The hull shape (or twin-keel layout) allows the boat to sit upright when there is no water. Such boats are designed to undertake short journeys, rarely lasting more than 2 or 3 days (hence their name). Of course, in coastal areas long trips may be undertaken in a series of short hops. Weekenders usually have only a simple cabin, often consisting of a single "saloon" with bedspace for two to three people. Clever use of ergonomics allows space in the saloon for a galley (kitchen), seating, and navigation equipment as well. There is limited space for stores of water and food. Weekenders tend to be slower vessels due to their small sail area, and due to their small size they can be overwhelmed by heavy seas. Most are single-masted "Bermuda sloops" (not to be confused with the type of traditional Bermudian ship known as a Bermuda sloop), with a single foresail of the jib or genoa type and a single mainsail (one variation of the aforementioned Bermuda rig). Some are gaff rigged. The smallest of this type, generally called pocket yachts or pocket cruisers, can be transported on special trailers.
Cruisers are by the far the most common yacht in private use, making up most of the 25- to 45-foot (7 m to 14 m) range. These vessels can be quite complex in design, as designers try to find a balance between docile handling qualities, interior space, good light-wind performance and on-board comfort. The huge range of such craft, from dozens of builders worldwide, makes it hard to give a single illustrative description. However, most favour a teardrop-planform hull, with a wide, flat bottom and deep single-fin keel to give good stability. Most are single-masted Bermuda rigged sloops, with a single fore-sail of the jib or Genoa type and a single mainsail. Spinnaker sails, with huge areas, are often supplied for light-wind use. These types are often chosen as family vessels, especially those in the 30- to 40-foot (8 to 12 m) range. Such a vessel will usually have many rooms below deck. Typically there will be three double-berth cabins; a single large saloon with galley, seating and navigation equipment; and a "head" consisting of a toilet and shower-room. The interior is often finished in wood panelling, with plenty of storage space. Cruisers are quite capable of taking on long-range passages of many thousands of miles, and so have large freshwater tanks. Such boats have a cruising speed of around 5 knots. This basic design is typical of the standard types produced by the major yacht-builders. Most large luxury yachts, 50 feet (15 m) and up, are also cruisers, but their design varies greatly as they are usually "one off" designs tailored to the specific needs of the buyer.
Many "pure" sailing yachts are also equipped with a low-power internal-combustion engine for use in conditions of calm and when entering or leaving difficult anchorages. Vessels less than 25 feet (7 m) in length generally carry a petrol outboard-motor of between 5 and 40 horsepower (3.5 and 30 kW). Larger vessels have in-board diesel engines of between 20 and 100 horsepower (15 and 75 kW) depending on size. In the common 25- to 45-foot (7 to 14 m) class, engines of 20 to 40 horsepower are the most common.
Modern sailing yachts
In recent years, small- to medium-sized private yachts have evolved from fairly simple vessels with basic accommodation into sophisticated and luxurious boats. This is largely due to reduced hull-building costs brought about by the introduction of fibreglass hulls, and increased automation and "production line" techniques for yacht building, especially in Europe. In recent years the amount of electric equipment used on yachts has increased greatly. Even 20 years ago, it was not common for a 25-foot (7 m) yacht to have electric lighting. Now all but the smallest, most basic yachts have electric lighting, radio, and navigation aids such as GPS (Global Positioning System). Yachts around 33 feet (10 m) bring in comforts such as hot water, pressurised water systems, refrigerators, etc. Aids such as radar, echo-sounding and autopilot are common. This means that the auxiliary engine now also performs the vital function of powering an alternator to provide electrical power and to recharge the yacht's on-board batteries. For yachts engaged on long-range cruising, wind- and solar-powered generators can perform the same function. On the biggest, 130-foot-plus (40 m) luxury yachts, every modern convenience, from air conditioning to television, is found. Sailing yachts of this size are often highly automated, with computer-controlled electric winches controlling the sails. Such complexity requires dedicated power-generation systems.
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